Genital Infections Essays -- Health, STD

Introduction Rapid laboratory detection of genital infections in pregnant women is very important, mainly because of the ability of the bacteria to colonize the endocervical lining and cause injury to the fetus (1). Epidemiologic data indicated that their presence in the genital tract has been associated with the incidence of urethritis, vaginitis, cervicitis, PID, pyelonephritis and pathology of pregnancy and newborns, and, therefore, their rapid and specific diagnosis is important (2). There are more than 30 different sexually transmissible agents. The most common bacteria are Chlamydia trachomatis (C.trachomatis). The prevalence of C. trachomatis infection in sexually active adolescent women, the population considered most at risk, generally exceeds 10%, and in some adolescent and STD clinic populations of women, the prevalence can reach 40%. Also in newborns occur as a result of prenatal exposure; approximately 65% of babies born from infected mothers become infected during vaginal delivery. Infections caused by C.trachomatis are particularly difficult to confine as a high proportion of these infections are asymptomatic thus making part of the population (those not tested) a reservoir for further transmission (3). While diseases caused by C.trachomatis have been recognized for many years the discovery of diseases associated with Mycoplasma genitalium (M.genitalium) are very recent findings. M.genitalium which was discovered in the early 1980s has recently been proven to be a significant pathogen similar to C.trachomatis in several respects, such as preference to the genital tract and mode of transmission. A few studies have reported on M.genitalium in PID (Pelvic Inflammatory Disease) and TFI (Tubal Factor Infertility) and... ...ng only one sampling and one test, has proven to be a simple and rapid method for the detection of C.trachomatis and M.genitalium which is clinically very significant, particularly in management of pregnant women as a high risk groups in country. We therefore recommend that this duplex PCR assay may be used instead of conventional methods like as bacterial culture and serology for rapid and high sensitive diagnosis of genital bacterial in clinical sample. Finally our findings revealed that in Sabzevar (East region) compared with other studies done in north, center and south of Iran, infection with C.trachomatis is higher than other area and should be considered in national preventive planning for screening and treatment in response to strategic plan of Eastern Medit erranean Region of World Health Organization (EMRWHO) 2009-2015 (28).

My Life According to Erik Erikson Essay

Allow me to relay to everyone the stages I went through in my life based on â€Å"Erik Erikson’s Developmental Theory† (Newman, 2009, pp. 16 – 40). Here, I will mention the developmental milestones and successes that I experienced: The first stage is known as â€Å"Infancy† which begins from â€Å"birth to eighteen months† wherein according to Erik Erikson, is the stage where an individual’s crisis will be on â€Å"trust vs. mistrust† (Wagner, 2009, p. 1). During this stage, I believe I have succeeded and learned to trust because of the person who constantly took care of me (Newman, 2009, pp. 16 – 40). My mother, for sure, has always been there for me: providing me with all the essential things I need like food, water, milk, clothing, shelter, etcetera; making sure that I am free from harm & diseases; and ensuring that she is there no matter what happens (Newman, 2009, pp. 16 – 40). Through instincts, this made me realize that I will be okay and that the world or environment is a safe one, thus, I learned to trust (Newman, 2009, pp. 16 – 40). The second stage which is technically referred to as â€Å"early childhood† covers â€Å"eighteen months to three years† (Newman, 2009, pp. 16 – 40). The crisis that an individual is faced with during this stage is known as â€Å"autonomy vs. shame† (Newman, 2009, pp. 16 – 40). Here, I have to â€Å"defecate† alone; my mommy no longer has to buy diapers for me because I can already tell her when I need to â€Å"defecate† (Newman, 2009, pp. 16 – 40). Learning this task made me realize that I already have self-control and since I am already courageous enough to defecate alone, I have also conquered â€Å"shame†; I know I am already capable of doing something and that boosted my self-esteem thus I achieved â€Å"autonomy† instead of â€Å"shame† (or being ashamed) (Newman, 2009, pp. 16 – 40). The third stage is from â€Å"three to five years† or the â€Å"play age† wherein a person’s â€Å"ego development outcome† would either be â€Å"initiative† or â€Å"guilt† (Newman, 2009, pp. 16 – 40). Here, I have imagined that â€Å"Barney, Baby Bop, and BJ† would come along and play with me; I have learned so many things with them including some of the big â€Å"Why† questions I had (Newman, 2009, pp. 16 – 40). Through role playing, I have also learned that there are some who are not like me; there are boys and there are also girls (Newman, 2009, pp. 16 – 40). I have somehow realized that one is made for a purpose, for instance boys are supposed to act like this while girls, the other way around (Newman, 2009, pp. 16 – 40). Such role playing made me take the initiative to carry out my â€Å"natural desires† which is why I have conquered â€Å"unnecessary† guilt (Newman, 2009, pp. 16 – 40). The fourth stage is the â€Å"school age† which is from â€Å"six to twelve years old† (Newman, 2009, pp. 16 – 40). Here, one has to develop the strengths known as â€Å"method and competence† because the crisis that an individual faces during this stage is â€Å"industry vs. inferiority† (Newman, 2009, pp. 16 – 40). During this stage, I have learned that I can no longer just go to my parents when I have dilemmas; I have to find a way and be â€Å"competent† in order for my peers not to make me feel â€Å"inferior† (Newman, 2009, pp. 16 – 40). I developed a sense of industry during this phase because I kept on learning and I was always willing to do anything just to learn/acquire new skills which was one of the reasons why I always have excellent grades, thus I have conquered â€Å"inferiority† early on (Newman, 2009, pp. 16 – 40). The fifth stage is known as â€Å"adolescence† (Newman, 2009, pp. 16 – 40). I have acquired the strengths known as â€Å"devotion and fidelity† during my adolescent years (12 – 18 years), that’s why I have managed to go through the crisis â€Å"identity vs. role confusion† with ease (Newman, 2009, pp. 16 – 40). Friends played a large role in this stage of my life since I discovered who I am as an individual through my interactions with them; I came to know what makes me weak, as well as, what I can do to pick myself up etcetera. I have been successful in discovering my identity, thus, I did not experience â€Å"role confusion† (Newman, 2009, pp. 16 – 40). The sixth stage is from 18 to 35 years old which is technically referred to as â€Å"young adulthood† wherein the dilemma one has to face is â€Å"intimacy and solidarity vs. isolation† (Newman, 2009, pp. 16 – 40). Fortunately, I have experienced love already; it has been a â€Å"reciprocally fulfilling† one which is why I have not felt â€Å"isolation† (Newman, 2009, pp. 16 – 40). The seventh and eighth stages are phases wherein the crises to be faced are generativity vs. stagnation and integrity vs. despair, respectively (Syque, 2009, n.p.). I would gladly relay my experiences on this to everyone; however, I have not yet reached these stages.

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) Essay - 1888 Words

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Monetary Fund (IMF), international economic organization whose purpose is to promote international monetary cooperation to facilitate the expansion of international trade. The IMF operates as a United Nations specialized agency and is a permanent forum for consideration of issues of international payments, in which member nations are encouraged to maintain an orderly pattern of exchange rates and to avoid restrictive exchange practices. The IMF was established along with the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development The IMFs Main Business: Macroeconomic and Financial Sector Policies In its oversight of member countries economic policies, the IMF looks mainly†¦show more content†¦iv. To assist in the establishment of a multilateral system of payments in respect of current transactions between members and in the elimination of foreign exchange restrictions which hamper the growth of world trade. v. To give confidence to members by making the general resources of the Fund temporarily available to them under adequate safeguards, thus providing them with opportunity to correct maladjustments in their balance of payments without resorting to measures destructive of national or international prosperity. vi. In accordance with the above, to shorten the duration and lessen the degree of disequilibrium in the international balances of payments of members. The Fund shall be guided in all its policies and decisions by the purposes set forth in this Article. Selected IMF Lending Facilities Stand-By Arrangements form the core of the IMFs lending policies. A Stand-By Arrangement provides assurance to a member country that it can draw up to a specified amount, usually over 12–18 months, to deal with a short-term balance of payments problem. Extended Fund Facility. IMF support for members under the Extended Fund Facility provides assurance that a member country can draw up to a specified amount, usually over three to four years, to help it tackle structural economic problems that are causing serious weaknesses in its balance ofShow MoreRelatedInternational Monetary Fund ( Imf )2266 Words   |  10 PagesAims/Purpose International Monetary Fund (IMF) aims to maintain and defeat and sometimes to restrain the financial crises. (BBC, 2012) Basically it was created to avoid another Great Depression with an economical cooperation. It was founded more than 60 years ago at the end of the II World War. (International Monetary Fund, 2015) Mostly the institution has directed to focus the developing world. Nowadays there are few purposes of the IMF such as monetary stability, exchange rate stability, facilitateRead MoreThe International Monetary Fund ( Imf )985 Words   |  4 PagesThe International Monetary Fund (IMF) was one of the many international organizations that emerged after the end of World War II. The primary function of the IMF is to promote the international financial stability and spur monetary cooperation. Many countries see the IMF as a â€Å"lender of last resort† (Thacker, 1999:38), meaning countries borrow money from the Fund for â€Å"short-term balance of payment supportâ⠂¬  (Steinwand and Stone, 2007:11) in order to avert the collapse of their domestic economies.Read MoreThe International Monetary Fund ( Imf )1089 Words   |  5 PagesThe International Monetary Fund (IMF) was established in 1946, along with the World Bank. The IMF was developed to promote all monetary cooperation and remedy economic problems incurred during the post - war reconstruction period (Baylis; 2008: 245). The IMF was therefore considered as the â€Å"rule keeper† and an important component in public international management. In the pursuit to stabilise the exchange rate system, the IMF reserves the authority to change exchange rates. Another vital role isRead MoreInternational Monetary Fund ( Imf )3071 Words   |  13 PagesGLOBAL BUSINESS SUSTAINABILITY INTRODUCTION International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an organization consisting of 188 nations functioning towards global monetary cooperation, ensuring financial stability, minimizing poverty around the world (IMF, 2014). In this report its functions of IMF and its effectiveness have been explained to describe minimizing financial imbalances by the countries. UK has been the main focus in this study. The impact of IMF policies on social and environment in UK and howRead MoreThe International Monetary Fund ( Imf ) Essay2250 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction: The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organization created in 1945 to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and to reduce poverty around the world. The IMF is governed and accountable to the 189 countries that make up the global membership of the organization. These goals make up the IMFs formal rules, the informal rules allow more access for powerfulRead MoreThe International Monetary Fund ( Imf )1310 Words   |  6 Pagesat how incompetent and politically driven economic policy making drove Europe into prolonged recession and high unemployment. The financial crises and fear of a meltdown slowed world economic growth considerably. In October 2010, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) projected 4.6 percent growth for the global economy in 2013; it ended up being just 3 percent. This difference may not seem like much, but in terms of lost output it is more than $800 billion, and it is not only in the rich countriesRead MoreThe Imf ( International Monetary Fund )941 Words   |  4 PagesThe IMF (International Monetary Fund), also known as the Fund, was conceived at a UN conference in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, United States, in July 1944. The 44 countries at that conference sought to build a framework for economic cooperation to avoid a repetition of the competitive devaluations that had contributed to the Great Depression of the 1930s (https://www.imf.org/external/about.htm). Currently, the organization is headquartered in Washington, D. C. Originally, the IMF was designedRead MoreThe International Monetary Fund ( Imf )1501 Words   |  7 PagesTHE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND (IMF) The IMF was set up during the Second World War in the year 1944. It started operation in 1947 and it has been working with the UNO since. Its headquarters is in Washington D.C in America. IMF provides short term loans to countries having problems of balance of payments. It also provides technical advice to its members and ensures free flow of trade by removing all trade restrictions. It establishes and maintains stable exchange rate between member countriesRead MoreThe International Monetary Fund ( Imf )6431 Words   |  26 PagesIntroduction In the statement of the 2015 Article IV Consultation Mission to China, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) concluded that the Chinese economy was transitioning to a safer and higher-quality growth. In particular, the IMF highlighted that China had made good progress in recent years in reducing its large current account surpluses and its huge accumulation of foreign exchange reserves. Although undervaluation of the yuan was a major factor causing the large imbalances in the past, theRead MoreEssay on The International Monetary Fund (IMF)2392 Words   |  10 Pages The International Monetary Fund, is an international organization established in 1945 as part of the United Nation system. Its creation was conceived at Bretton woods, to â€Å"†¦regulate the rates at which currencies were exchanged among member countries; and it would help ensure international stability by making loans at times of crisis in member countries’ balance of payments.† Since its creation, the IMF have gain enormous power in the international community, specially influencing the

Questions On The App Industry - 1150 Words

There is no such thing as an overnight success, especially not in the app business world. It takes hard work and a whole bunch of strategies just to bring a fraction of the market’s attention to your app; not to mention the time, money, and efforts it took to build the product. The app industry is growing by the minute and another great idea could have just transformed into the real thing right at this moment. Sadly, not all ideas were given the time to blossom. In fact, many innovative app ideas may have gone down the drain just because some app entrepreneurs didn’t have the clarity of direction to begin with and in the process sabotage its own growth. This is one of the many mistakes app entrepreneurs commit and had only been aware of it when it’s already too late. Here are other common mistakes app entrepreneurs make that are proven lethal to any app business: 1. Unclear Monetization Scheme Free or paid? Includes in-app purchases or not? How will you gain profit from this app? By the time you finish building your app, you need to start identifying how you will make money from it. Some newbies in the app market are so eager to jump into launch without having a clear understanding on different app monetization models and fail to determine which suits them best. You need to identify head on the type of monetization scheme that fits the current standing of your app and your company as an app builder. One best example of using a well-strategized monetization scheme is Rovio,Show MoreRelatedPatient Engagement And The Healthcare Industry999 Words   |  4 Pagesengagement has been an important issue in the healthcare industry. There has been a strong need to increase the patient’s involvement and control over their own care. Providing patients the power needed to take control of their health has never been as effortless as it is today. The range of technology that is available to us should allow hospitals to implement multiple tools to increase patient engagement. But as everyone knows the healthcare industry is always behind when it comes to putting new ideasRead MoreDo Hipaa And The Apple Watch Go Together?1495 Words   |  6 Pagesshowed me his new Apple Watch and, instinctively, it raised questions in my mind as to how would HIPAA impact the use of this watch. One might ask why I would ask such a question, and two possible answers exist. The first possible answer is that my healthcare practice has engulfed my thinking or the second possible answer is that the features of this new Apple Watch may be the linchpin to a whole new culture in this mobile health industry. Time may determine which answer is correct, but the newRead MoreEvolution Of The Fitness Industry1252 Words   |  6 Pagesfitness industry is one that is rarely thought of as an electronic industry. However, in recent years, more and more fitness related smartphone applications including workout planners, calorie counters, support forums, and many more fitness centered resources have become available to the public. This big move from time sensitive face-to-face fitness instruction to convenient face-to-screen instruction has changed the way that the fitness industry operates. With the rising rollout of fitness apps gearedRead MoreAmerican Appa rel Case Study1139 Words   |  5 PagesSeminar Preparation Assignment Question 1. The founder of APP, Dov Charney, adopted a vertically integrated production model as he believed that ‘the higher costs of manufacturing in the United States would be offset by the price premium from superior quality, styling, and image, and by the advantages of speed to market’. In order to effectively capture these benefits, APP maintained tight linkage between design, manufacture, and marketing, with extensive quality control measures at each stepRead MoreOpportunity Analysis : Vana Koutsomitis1499 Words   |  6 Pagestogether was a dating app. As there were other several dating apps in the market, Van wanted to bring a unique concept, that would combine dating and gaming in one single app. This was the birth of Dateplay, the first app of its kind. The app uses a special matching algorithm to pair potential couples after collecting their personality data through multiple choice quizzes. On signing up, the user adds a profile picture, after which he/she is encouraged to engage in a series of questions with varying topicsRead MoreHow Can You Make Money With Ios Apps1701 Words   |  7 Pageswith iOS Apps In 2009 and 2010, it became evident that mobile applications would play a substantial role in marketing and revenue generation for businesses. The launching of the iOS based iPhone several years earlier had provided the foundation for what would be a multi-billion dollar industry. Since the emergence of the iOS mobile app industry, multitudinous app developers have joined the quest to generate massive revenue through the creation and control of mobile apps. While some apps have doneRead MoreYung Swagger on the Chain1408 Words   |  6 PagesCARMAX CASE: Executive Summary CarMax broke industry records in 2013 and has successfully grown into a leader in the used car industry. However complications have emerged as a result of duplicators attempting to copy their â€Å"no hassle offers† in the highly competitive used car market. Therefore, CarMax’s primary concern is staying ahead of the competition and eliminating threats from potential future disruptions from competitors. Therefore the key question we will try to answer in this analysis of theRead MoreAnalysis Of Slack s New Messaging Application Essay1164 Words   |  5 Pagesinterview process includes asking three short questions. They include one for math, one geography, and one history. CEO Butterfield also admits that while he is a great leader, he has a hard time managing. This is why as a leader his â€Å"biggest struggle [is] finding the right people† (Griffith, 2015). The software industry includes: apps, data driven programs, cloud computing, and industry solutions all powered by software. The combined software Industry effect on US GDP, US direct employment, andRead MoreSmartphone Application Into Restaurant Business1129 Words   |  5 Pagesundertaken to research the adaptation of Smartphone application into restaurant business. Problems addressed in this research are role of Smartphone app for restaurant owners and customers; utilization of apps to boost business; designing of Smartphone apps to attract the customers; cost effectiveness and efficiency for business and comparison of Smartphone apps to websites. The research will follow mixed method investigation, combination of quantitative and qualitative methods Survey methods will be adoptedRead MoreEssay On What You Need To Know Before Launching Your First Android Application1013 Words   |  5 PagesApplication Obviously, the mobile industry has literally transformed the way people communicate in the world today. App development is one particular area in the mobile world that is currently making an impact. Every day by day, many app development companies and developers alike are working industriously to develop apps that can boost their business with a competitive edge. While everyone desires to have a piece of the digital pie emanating from the thriving app industry, not every prospective and professional

Essay on Personality and the ESL Student - 1286 Words

How can an extroverted or introverted personality in ELL and ESL students affect behavior, learning process and classroom environment? Extroversion versus Introversion the terms originated from psychologist Carl Jungs theory of personality. Jung saw the extrovert as directed toward the outside world and the introvert as directed toward the self or inside world. That is why, theoretically, introvert students are less involved in the classroom and extrovert students are more active. As I observed a classroom where the student population consists of 90% Latino and 70% are ELL or ESL students, I noticed how students’ personality and behavior could make a significant impact in a classroom. To understand more about the students’ conditions is†¦show more content†¦In a classroom where students are struggling to acquire or dominate a second language, it highly interesting to observe how their personality can make a difference in the way they can perform in the classroo m. On my third day observing, a question aroused; theoretically who learns more an introvert or extrovert student? In a classroom of 20 students I identified 14 of the students fall into the category of ESL or ELL. During my observation I identified the students by the speech (pronunciation or deficiency of English vocabulary), and I noticed the teacher had also made several cluster depending on their English fluency. I observed that among the 14 ELL and ESL students 5 of the students I classified as introverted students: like to be alone, like to be silence, and never participated. While the other 9 students were obviously extroverted students: most of them like to work in-group, are more social, participate, and like attention. The International Journal of Science Education presented the observation of twins who had the same background, same parents and same experiences. The article ‘Self-perception, individual learning style and academic achievement by a pair of bilingual twins in a secondary school clearly call my attention as I finished the journal it was clear to me that the twins were very similar but their personality differ, after two years of observation, the research concluded that the twins haveShow MoreRelatedCulture : Language And Language762 Words   |  4 Pageslanguage is limited in many ways by cultural knowledge and understanding. II. What I Want to Find Out Because I strongly believe in the interdependence of culture and language, I want to explore the focus on culture in current ESL classrooms and how that impacts the success of students. I also want to investigate the correlation between cultural understanding and linguistic language acquisition. Since I believe that culture plays a much larger role in second language learning than is currently reflectedRead MoreEll Increase Year After Year1721 Words   |  7 PagesEvery ELL student is unique and has different learning process. Although the semester covered a wide variety of topics ranging from dialects to teaching methods, every module served its purpose in providing a framework for future ELL teachers. Learning about how to teach ELL was significant to me because when I first entered the school system in America, I was placed into ESL and I have gone through the process of many of these teaching methods. EDUC 628 main focus was preparing students whose goalRead MoreThe Issue Of Lan guage Boundaries838 Words   |  4 Pagesmedium of correspondence, as well as connected to an individual s personality in this way these boundaries may impact different parts of the administration encounter. Applying this thought to the U.S. eatery connection, this study intends to research the effect of language boundary on ESL students s eating encounters in the U.S. Through subjective and exploratory techniques, this study will recognize issues that worry ESL students in intercultural benefit experiences and the aftereffects of thisRead MorePurpose Driven Life1328 Words   |  6 Pagesalive who is Youer than You.† Every essence of our being, from our personalities to our DNA is different from everyone else in this world. Many of these distinctions are apparent in the classroom setting and at times can prove challenging for a teacher. Some students may learn the lessons very quickly while others may take extra time and may need out-of-class help. These differences will aff ect their ability to learn and grow as a student and the strategies I implement in my classroom will affect theirRead MoreLanguage Form Analysis: Study Guide729 Words   |  3 Pagesstatement include questions about plans on Sunday, a question regarding Dave, or in a conversation regarding the purpose of the meeting itself (though this would likely require a higher complexity in the conversation and context than the others). Student Check: Timeline for when the statement is made, when the meeting is scheduled, and when the meeting will take place to ensure temporal understanding. Language Form: Declarative statement with temporal features; subject-object Pronunciation Features:Read More Personal Narrative- Making Positive Changes Essay600 Words   |  3 PagesPersonal Narrative- Making Positive Changes I have positive attributes and weaknesses as everyone else does. However, since I came from Peru to America, I experienced many changes in my personality from a shy girl to an independent, outgoing and friendly teenager. My strongest personal attributes are generosity, my spirit of collaboration and my perseverance to achieve any goals and overcome obstacles in my life. For example, when I was in Peru I used to go to a hospital to help children withRead MoreStruggle in Foreign Country2035 Words   |  9 Pagessanctuary for all students in the world. In United States, there are huge amount of immigrant moving in every year, and the most of purpose for them is education for next generation. In fact, from the 1997-98 school years to the 2008-09 school years, the number of English-language learners enrolled in public schools increased from 3.5 million to 5.3 million, or by 51 percent (National Clearinghouse for English Language Acquisition, 2011). As long as the dramatic increase on foreign students, the educationRead MoreEnglish As A Second Language Essay1497 Words   |  6 Pagessources while I was doing my research I searched on google about the problems that learners face during the learning process. I found a journal that is â€Å"Difficulties English Learners May Face in an ESL Environment†. The journal is firstly defining the ESL students and the differences between the ESL students who learn in countries that English is the native language and countries where English is non-native language. Then it talks about the difficulties of learning English as a second language. the writerRead MoreFactors Of Career And Personality Assessments849 Words   |  4 Pagestake that would assist her in making these important decisions. Assessments One of the first steps in helping a student who is undecided about their degree is to suggest useful assessments. Career and personality assessments are beneficial in several ways. They can help provide insight into personality traits, skills, and interests of a student. The results in turn can help students make connections between these traits and careers that they are well suited for. There are two tools in particularRead MoreRisk Factors For Gang Involvement Essay952 Words   |  4 Pageshow the â€Å"gang cultural† plays out within that gang. According to one ESL teacher Latino gang culture is promoting a positive educational environment (Gardner, 2014). Positive attributes of gang culture within correctional setting as offenders who are mandated to get an education while incarcerated include the presence of a distinct leader, providing structure and respect in the classroom; the hard work and perseverance of ESL student; and a dedication and loyalty to those they love (Gardner, 2014).

Euroland Foods S.A. free essay sample

The case of Euroland Foods S. A. is about a multinational company that produces high-quality ice cream, yogurt, bottled water, and fruit juices. Euroland Foods was founded in 1924 by Theo Verdin. The performance of the company was steady over the years, but since 1998 to 2000 the company had no growth. The management team thought that was because of the low population growth in northern Europe and market saturation in some areas. The management team hoped that increase in market share and sales would help company growth. Eurplamd food has a senior management committee meeting at every beginning of the year. The meeting will help company’s board director to decide the new capital budget in this year. In the latest meeting in January 2001, the senior management committee gave company’s board of directors 11 major projects, total counted about EUR316 million, but in this year the spending limit on capital project was only EUR120 million, so it was necessary to choose the right projects that will help company growth and maximize the shareholders’ wealth. We will write a custom essay sample on Euroland Foods S.A. or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In these 11 projects, four projects are about product or market extension, three projects are about new product or new markets, three projects are about efficiency improvements, and one project is about safety or environmental. The company has a minimum acceptable IRR and maximum acceptable payback years in each category. You can find the information on Exhibit 1. Ranking all these projects was the first thing need to be done. Based on the NPV at Corp. WACC(10. 6%) and IRR gave the best understandable answer to the company’s board of directors. You can find this ranking of criteria on Exhibit 2. The first one in the ranking list is the project of Strategic Acquisition. The project has a high return EUR198. 5 million, but the expenditure was high too about EUR55 million. The second one on the ranking list will be the Southward Expansion, the expenditure of this project is EUR30 million. The project will generate about EUR56. 25 million in 10 years. Number three on the ranking list will be Artificial Sweetener or Eastward Expansion, the payback period and NPV in these two projects are almost same. There is only about 1. 7% IRR different between these two projects and the paybacks were the same, both were five years. So based on Purely Financial Considerations and under EUR120 million spending limit, the company can choose from the top four projects to decide the capital budget. The Exhibit 3 was based on projects spending and the Exhibit 4 was based on projects return. These two ranking list show the different between each project’s scales. The ranking list shows that normally large amount investment will have large amount return. Except the project of New Plant( Dijon,France), This project has the second biggest expenditure in the list but only rank the 5th in return. The Exhibit 5 shows the Profitability Index of each project. The best one in this ranking list will be the project of Snack Foods. Its Profitability Index is 1. 14 which means each 1 Euro investment will have 1. 14 Euro in return. Also you can find each project’s profitability Index calculation steps in Exhibit 6. The Exhibit 7 shows the Payback period. The payback period shows the risk of each project, usually the project has a shorter payback period will have less risk. The best project in this ranking list will be the project of Inventory-Control System; it only has 3 year payback. In Exhibit 8 will indicate the First year cash flow of each project. The Project of the Effuent-Water Treatment at Four Plants wasn’t including in any of the ranking list because this is the project that classed in the environmental category. The project requires a EUR6 million investment today and will cost EUR 15 million in four years when the immediate conversion become mandatory. The company should accept this project today because in both financial aspect and social responsibility aspect, it will not only save money for the company in the future also will provide a good reputation in the public. Overall, the ranking lists shown that the project of Strategic Acquisition should be accept by the board directors, because it has a highest IRR and NPV, the second high Profitability Index and 5 years payback, although the initial investment is really big but still the return is worse to do. The total investment of this project will be EUR55 million. The second recommend project will be the project of Southward Expansion. This project has a high IRR and NPV, the initial investment is EUR30 million, it is the 3rd in the ranking list of Project Spending and it is the 2nd in the ranking list of Project Net Cash Flow about EUR56. 5 million, The payback is 5 years too. Because the project of Effuent-Water Treatment at Four Plants is highly recommend so right now we have total capital budget EUR91 million. Based on all the ranking list, the project of the Artificial Sweetener will be the last recommendation for the new year capital budget. This project has the 3rd highest IRR and NPV, the return is the 4th in the list about EUR42. 75 million and payback is also 5 years. They expenditure for this project is EUR27 million.

Empirical Ethical Decision Making Literature

Question: Discuss about the Empirical Ethical Decision Making Literature Answer: Introduction In this report, ethical dilemma associated with an organization is analyzed. The president of the software company published the software in the market with bugs. The users who use the software for calculating the tax return were penalized by the ATO of the organization, as the calculation done by the software is incorrect. As a result, both the organization as well as customers of the company faces challenges due to the ethical dilemma. The report discusses the ethical dilemma response from various perspectives and implications of ACS Code of Professional Conduct. Various recommendations are also provided for resolving the ethical issue. Ethical dilemma that is confronted by the president of the software development company The software development company has recently created a new software package, which is utilized by both the small businesses as well as individuals for incorporating new tax laws and figures. The new software, which was developed, has numerous disadvantages and therefore the organization wants to resolve them. The organization publishes a CD, which contains disclaimer of various responsibilities for errors. The software was published in the market and it has capture largest number of market share. The organization expects that from the users of the software they will receive numerous complaints, queries and suggestions for modifying the features of the software but due to the presence of bugs within the software, numerous ethical dilemma cases arise. Many employees or users who have used the software in order to calculate the tax return of their organization were penalized by the ATO as they have calculated incorrect tax return (Schwartz, 2013). The president of the organization is confronted with the ethical dilemma as the users of the software were penalized and therefore the sales of the software will be automatically reduced in the market. The president of the organization will also not receive any scope or proper suggestion from the users in order to remove the bugs from the software. Ethical response to the dilemma according to the consequences The scenario is ethically challenging as the users of the software were penalized due to incorrect calculation of tax return. The organization must be careful before using the software and they must follow all the disclaimers properly in order to minimize the ethical dilemma. The tax return, which is calculated using the software, must be rechecked before it is provided to the organization. The rechecking of calculations avoids mistakes and problems. The ATO of the organization must investigate the case before penalizing the members of the organization. The organization must follow some of the specific rules and regulations before adopting or using software for organizational purpose (Ruiz-Palomino, Martnez-Canas Fontrodona 2013). The organization that develops the software also faces number of challenges due to publishing the software with the bugs. Due to the several disadvantages, the users stop preferring the software and as a result the sales of the software rapidly decrease in the market. In order to resolve the issue the organization must remove the bugs from the software and update it properly so that it does not have a negative impact on the organization (Certo, 2015). The customers of the software must be aware of its various negative impacts and must check the licensing period as well as features of the software properly before utilizing it. Ethical response to the dilemma according to a consistent application of principles In this scenario, the users of the organization have adopted the use of the software, which has numerous bugs, and the software calculated wrong result, which is the most important ethical issue that needs to be considered. As per the consistent application of principles, the organization must adopt the accounting software that they will follow consistently in the future. Only change in accounting software can occur if the new version is quite beneficial to the organization as compared to the older version of accounting software (Dzuranin, Shortridge Smith, 2013). If any change occurs in the use of the software then it will affect the entire document of the organization so the company must avoid frequent change of software (Kuntz et al., 2013). The accountants of the organization must be consistent in using the accounting principles, various methods as well as practices and procedures. It is recommended by the Financial accounting standards board, which is very much significant to utilize consistency as one of the important characteristics, which helps in using making the operation little bit easy. Duties of company president It is the responsibility of the organization to check the software before it is published in the market. The organization must not publish software full of bugs as it will not only effect the operations of the organizations that use the software but also the effect the market demands of the software. The sales of the software will decrease in the market if the users are unsatisfied with the features (Doherty Purtilo, 2015). Therefore, the president of the organization must implement some rules and regulations according to which disclaimers must be provided for the customers so that they are aware of any negative impact of the software they are using. Ethical response to the dilemma according to the typical response of a caring person In this scenario, both the organizations as well as the customers of the software were confronted with the ethical dilemma. From the perspective of a caring person, the organization must not publish the software knowing the fact that it contains bugs. The organization must publish the software by making the fact clear that is quite advantageous for the organizations, which uses it (Jackson et al., 2013). The users of the software must be aware of its features so that they can handle it properly. The workers or the accountants of the organization must recheck the tax return using some other software clarifying the fact that the calculation that is made by them is correct (Craft, 2013). The workers of the organization must use licensed software so that the organization does not have to confront with some ethical challenges. It is also quite important for the users of the software that they must follow the disclaimers of responsibility for errors in order to avoid mistakes while handling the software. The ACS Code of Professional Conduct: Primacy of Public Interest: The interest of the public in the software will reduce as it contains number of bugs, which further have some devastating impact on the organizations that are utilizing it (Neubert Roberts, 2013). Therefore, the organization must publish the software after it is clear that it is advantageous for various operational functions of the organization. Enhancement of Quality of Life: The workers of the organization are penalized due to the incorrect tax return calculation. The employees are penalized although they have no idea about the software bugs. Therefore, it is very much important for the organization to identify the victim of the case before penalizing the users. Honesty: The organization knows that fact that the software contains bugs. In spite of this, they published the software. Therefore, it is very much important to have honest in order to minimize situations that are associated with ethical issue. Competence: The workers calculate the tax return on the software, which have number of bugs as they are unaware of it (Crossan, Mazutis Seijts, 2013). Therefore, it is very much important to have competency among them so that they became aware of the various situations. Professional Development: The organization does not follow proper techniques of professional development and as a result, it confronts with such ethical dilemma. Therefore, professional development must be enhanced within the organization. Professionalism: The worker of the organization does not maintain professionalism and as a result, the organizations have used improper software (Shafer, 2015). Therefore, enhancement of both integrity as well as professionalism is required in the organization. Defence on the ethical grounds for the president of the software company The president of the software company publishes the software while knowing the fact that it contains a number of bugs. This is because the president wants to improve the software. The president knows that the software will capture the largest market share and as a result, they can receive number of complaints, queries as well as suggestions for modifying the software. The organization wants to improve the software eventually by resolving the issues associated with the software and as a result, the software was shipped into the market along with the bugs (Cianci et al., 2014). Advice to the president of the company The president of the company must be aware of the impact of the bugs in order to handle the software properly. They must remove the bugs by analyzing the problems associated with the software. The software must be updated properly before publishing it in the market. The president must enhance professionalism, honesty as well as quality of life in order to minimize the problems associated with ethical dilemma. The president must implement some rules and regulation so that challenges that arise due to ethical dilemma will be minimized or avoided in the future. Conclusion It can be concluded that the organization must remove the bugs before publishing it in the market. 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